Analysis of lignin components, crude fat, crude protein content and their correlation in sesame seeds
Sesame has been used for more than 2,000 years as a nutritional, health and functional precious oil crop. Its main component is oil and fat, and its content is about 53%, 85% of which is oleic acid and linoleic acid [3]. The extracted oil has a characteristic aromatic odor. It also contains about 20% of protein and various vitamins and minerals. Trace elements such as lignan. Sesame lignin is a unique component of sesame, a class of fat-soluble antioxidants with a content of about 1%. It contains mainly sesamin, sesamol, and sesamolin, and sesamelin. In the process of decolorization of refined sesame oil (sesame salad oil), it is catalyzed by acidic clay, and intramolecular functional group transfer produces sesamin2ol, which has no change in oxidation resistance. The functionality of sesame and sesame oil is closely related to the substances they contain. Over the past decade or so, many scholars at home and abroad have devoted themselves to the study of the physiological functions of lignin, which proves that it has antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, anti-hypertension, liver protection and inhibition. Functions such as breast cancer and skin cancer have been identified by Japan and South Korea as one of the major goals for quality breeding. The GOMAZOU, a high sesame seed content variety, was cultivated at the Crop Breeding Research Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Japan. Sesamemin, sesamol, etc. have been widely used in foods, health products, and pharmaceutical manufacturing, such as Sesame Capsule developed in Japan. Tang Chuan-nu et al. gave a general description of the lignin types and contents in sesame seeds. However, analysis of the lignin content in sesame cultivars and germplasm in China lacked actual research results. The major components of sesame and sesame were crude fat and crude protein. The correlation study between the contents has not yet been reported.
1 Materials and Methods
There were 48 test materials, of which 13 were cultivars and 35 were high-generation strains. The test samples were derived from seeds that were harvested in 2003 from the Sesame Field (Wuchang) on ​​the farm's farm. The measurement items include crude fat, crude protein, sesamemin, sesamol, and seseliolin. The crude fat was measured using the industry standard NY/T4-1982; the crude protein was measured using the national standard GB/T 14489.2-1993, the conversion factor was 5.30; and the lignin determination was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At the same time using the instrument for direct determination, can be compared with each other, the instrument recommended for the crude fat analyzer, SZF-06A fat analyzer, SZF-06B fat analyzer, one of these three instruments, are able to fat For measurement.
2 Results and Analysis
2.1 Content Distribution and Variation
From Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that the sum of the average values ​​of the three lignin components sesamol, sesamemin, and sesamelol is 8.29 mg/g, which is 0.892% of the seed weight, and the maximum content is 1.278% The minimum content is 0.226%. The main component is sesamemin, with an average content of 0.593%, which is higher than the previous reported 0.2% to 0.5%. Among the 48 samples analyzed in this paper, there were 19 (39.6%) of the higher content of 0.6% or more, indicating that the sesamemineral content of the sesame seeds in China was relatively high. The coefficient of variation of the three lignin components was greater than that of the crude fat and crude protein, indicating that there were abundant variations in the analyzed varieties. The overall level of crude fat content is relatively high, with an average of 57.88%, 43 of which are greater than 53%, accounting for 89.6%, and 28% of high-yield varieties with 58% or more, which are mainly related to high oil content cultivation targets in sesame breeding.
2. 2 excellent germplasm resources selected
Table 2 lists the content of each of the 48 tested sesame cultivars, and selects a group of excellent resources with high oil, high protein, and high lignin content, which can be directly produced, processed, and used as high-quality breeding materials. The high oil resources with content greater than 60% include 03XF7-1, 03XF14-3, 03XF26-1, 03XF28-1, 03XF31, 03XF42 and 03XF45, and the high protein resources with content higher than 24% include Yuzhi 10 and 12 respectively. Greater than 1.1% of the high lignin resources are Yuzhi No. 10, Erzhi No. 2 and Zhengzhiza H03. The highest sesamol content of Yuzhi No. 10 and Zhizhi No. 2 was 0.46% and 0.38%, respectively, which was 3.97 times and 3.28 times of the average value. The comprehensive resources for comprehensive quality traits include Ezhe No. 2, Zheng Zhizao H03, Chuangzhi No. 3, 03HT027, and 03HT528.
2. 3 inter-trait correlation
The correlation coefficients among the quality traits are listed in Table 3. Crude fat and crude protein content were highly negatively correlated with each other. The results were consistent with a large number of analyses and reports in the past and were positively correlated with sesamemind content. The contents of phenolics in sesamemin and sesame were significantly positively correlated, and the contents of crude protein and sesamol were significantly positively correlated. In the selection of sesame quality breeding, attention should be paid to the coordination of the existing relationships among these traits.
3 Summary
In-depth evaluation of the intrinsic quality traits and correlation of sesame cultivars and germplasm resources and the exploration of new germplasms of high quality are an urgent need for high-quality sesame production and high-quality breeding. The quality resources selected in this study are excellent materials for sesame production and breeding, and To provide basic materials for studying the genetic properties of major nutrients such as high oil content, high lignin, etc. The sesame cultivars analyzed and determined in this paper are all the main cultivars currently produced in the major sesame production areas in the Jianghuai-Huai Region of China. The results can provide reference for the utilization of sesame cultivars, and the quality content of the same cultivars varies from year to year and in different ecological locations. Comprehensive assessment of the variety of ways to use more than a few years to conduct more tests.
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